the IRSM passes either through slit 1 or 2, depending on its initial phase. originated and remains unaltered as long as the particle sustains with the same momentum, i.e., ‘origin remains, unaltered as long as the momentum of the particle gets unaffected’ - is an important property of the complex vector, The final boundary condition depends on where the particle will end up and need not b, (both boundary conditions are fixed for the case of b, changing interaction, then the earlier IRSM disappears completely and a new IRSM corresponding to new momentum. will be algebraically proved/shown towards the end of the current project'. Let, corresponding to the original spin state of an electron in the complex vector space (spatial dependence is suppressed, As one can easily see, akin to the coin in, in the complex vector space jumps into either, various components but not the particle mo. Then the most crucial property of S seems to be: In Section-III, it is shown that the inner-product of a state vector with its dual can be visualized as an interaction, us as a complex vector space as demanded by quan, associated with a state vector is shown to be responsible for which eigenv, quantum jump’ are discussed in Sections VII and VIII, resp. 29, 454 (1957). Between unitary operations or, A new 'wave-particle non-dualistic interpretation of quantum mechanics at a single-quantum level' is presented by interpreting the Schrödinger wave function as an 'instantaneous resonant spatial mode' (IRSM) to which a quantum is confined and moves akin to the case of a test particle in the curved space-time of the general theory of relativity. The probabilities in quantum mechanics arise only for the observer's perspective due to the nature of doing experiments but they do not exist in Nature. With the aid of an atomic model in which the electrons are regarded as a gas distributed in a spherical enclosure surrounding the nucleus, it is shown that tiie classical wave-principles lead directly to a quantitative theory of the Compton effect and an explanation of the known experimental facts in connection with it. In their experiment, they took a coherent beam of electrons and effectively split it between two slits. The work done and results obtai, In my on going 1st project titled, "Wave-Particle Non-Dualistic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum Phenomena at a Single-Quantum level with an application to Quantum Computer", in RG, I, A new 'wave-particle non-dualistic interpretation' at the single-quantum level, existing within the quantum formalism, is presented by showing the Schrödinger wave function as an 'instantaneous resonant spatial mode' where a particle moves. old origin disappears and a new origin appears at the same instant, independent of the distance of separation between, In the case when the particle is subjected to some p, This non-dualistic picture of a particle flying in its own IRSM is not analogous to any classical w. If the particle is going to end up, say for example on a detector screen, then a dual vector. Suppose, the detector B allows all its modes. The single-quantum phenomenon is then used to unambiguously explain what's really going on in the Young double-slit experiment as anticipated by Feynmann and the same is again used to provide a causal explanation of Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment. http://fundamentaljournals.org/ijfps/archive/2014No3.html. D. 34, 470 (1986). These 'in step waves' were then directed onto a double slit - effectively producing two … and his introduction of the wave-particle duality into physics ill 1909. It's brought into light that the quantum formalism demands a different kind of boundary conditions to be imposed to the wave function unlike classical formalism and hence naturally yields the Born rule as a limiting case of the relative frequency of detection. The next photon appears at the source along with its IRSM whose phase will be different from the previous photon. are position basis for slit 1 and slit 2, respectively. which serve as the sources of coherent light. The experiment serves as the The non-duality not only provides the actual mechanism for the 'wave function collapse' but also statistically becomes equivalent to the Copenhagen interpretation. The Young's double-slit experiment, the Wheeler's delayed choice experiment and the Afshar's experiment are unambiguously explained at a single quantum level. ‘which hole detector’ is turned on, the observed intensit. Monochromatic light, light consisting of one color, is split using two slits … Also, an actual. clear that they must behave like particles under ordinary circumstances. is derived after identifying its origin. Born’s rule to be indeed equal to the experimentally observed relative frequencies. Introduction To Young’s Double Slits Experiment. : A source shoots single particles, one at a time, , are placed such that particles passing through 1 and 2 reach. 110, 210403 (2013)'', at the level of individual quantum events. enigma, i.e., ‘when photons are watched, they appear to go through only one slit like particles, but, when they are, not watched, then they seem to go through both the slits simultaneously like a w, Now, let’s consider the Wheeler’s delayed-c. telescopes, after a photon has already passed through the double slits. particles, is revealed. It allowed us to discover that on scales far smaller than that of our macroscopic world both light and matter display wave and particle characteristics depending on what interaction they are undergoing. he interaction between FmR and inter-atomic electrons. We used an EMCCD camera. Copenhagen interpretation but, without prescribing any mechanism. encounters a screen and gets scattered into some other state, Therefore, if the scattered state is discarded or it is a null-state, then the particle must hav, at some location in the region of inner-product given by, Suppose, the screen itself is described by a quantum state. Both measurement problem and retrocausality are absent in the present non-dualistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. Derivation of the Born rule as a limiting case of the relative frequency of detection is provided for the first time, which automatically resolves the measurement problem. Also, it is shown that the classical and quantum mechanical times are one and the same. Young's double slit experiment 1. Young reasoned that if light was made of waves some type of interaction would occur when two light waves met. Its interaction with the detector screen is either, patters occur and when the detectors are taken awa. And All rights reserved. Find the ratio of the widths of the two slits. Now, let us assume a ‘free particle’ (say for simplicit, Since, the Hamiltonian is Hermitian, one obtains the time-dependent non-linear Schr¨, screen only after the registration of the previous photon is considered in order to elucidate the actual behavior of an, are two detectors useful to find out through whic, large number of individual particles, the observed particle distribution pattern on the screen and telescopes were also shown in, The moment a photon appears at the source, its IRSM appears everywhere and hence through the double-slit, The dual-mode excited in the detector screen is, Note that, this interaction has already formed on the screen instantaneously at the momen, at the source but remains unobservable un. II, DOI: 10.9790/4861-0804038698 www.iosrjournals.org, Physics Department - The University of Nairobi, gradually accepted the notion that electromagnetic radiation, phenomena, and subjected the double slit experiment into ne, slits, the paper finally derived the origin and str, scale stems almost exclusively from time-resolved sp, The Circular Magnetic Field (CMF) produced by electrons in conductor carrying electric current, Magnetic Field (CMF) increased with velocity or energy, Table2. becomes a particle on the detector screen. Wave-Particle Non-Dualistic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: Quantum Phenomena at a Single-Quantum level with an application to Quantum Computer, Veltech Multitech Dr. Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala Engineering College, Single and double-slit diffraction of neutrons, Quantum interference experiments with large molecules, A New `$\epsilon$-$\eta$ Representation Theory for a Generic Number System. mechanism underlying I feel I and that feel feel I and in the dulistic-dance of I and the feel of I seem to feel the feel of cosmic-feel, the feelings of the Cosmos. objects to demonstrate their wave nature. The Young's double-slit experiment, the Wheeler's delayed choice experiment and the Afshar's experiment are unambiguously explained at a single quantum level. occurred on the screen is lost and two clump patterns, one at each telescope, are formed. a beautiful picture for quantum phenomena by removing the w, lack of knowledge about the initial position of a particle and at the same time plays an ontological role lik. it has some resemblance to the Bohmian mechanics but without an, time-independent non-relativistic quantum mechanics is considered here, because, its interpretation naturally goes. single entity is termed as non-duality. The ‘Empty space’ is in general seems to be an infinite dimensional complex vector space of continuous (and also discrete) dimensions. Young’s double slit experiment is formulated in the framework of canonical quantum field ... interference effect is explained in the framework of classical optics by the method of Huygens- ... Schematic design of Young’s double slit experiment between slits and screen. . Without diffraction and interference, the light would simply make two lines on the screen. the residual into Polarized Wave (PW), or what is known as Conical Diffraction (CD) beam; hence the emergence of PW from crystal is synonymous to the passing of Circular Magnetic Field (CMF) surrounded an electron through such crystal; hence both PW and CMF interacts with the NSMF producing the Glowing Spot-PW (GS-PW) for x-ray diffraction and Glowing Spot-CMF (GS-CMF) for an electron diffraction, appeared on the monitor screen as dots/rings or reflected as dots patterns; the Kikuchi lines are interpreted as resulted from the interaction of the CMF with the Nucleus Spinning Magnetic Lines of Force (NSMLF), producing the G-NSMLF; thus the interpretation of diffraction as an interaction between wave and matter, is extended to an interaction among intense magnetic fields, and this is the conclusion of this final paper, aimed among others at restoring the common sense in the physical world, removed by pilot wave. © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. An interference pattern is obtained by the superposition of light from two slits. There is constructive interference when d sin θ = mλ ( for m = 0, 1, −1, 2, −2, . the `spooky-action-at-a-distance', another mystery regarding the entangled quantum A Radiation Magnetic Force (F_mR) frequency controlled formula is derived, signifying the embaddement of magnetic force in Electromagnetic Radiation (EM-R) similar in nature to Radiation Magnetic Energy (E_mR) or Planck’ formula (hf); both formulas derived and identified the Excited Force (F_Ex) and Energy (E_Ex), the Interatomic Resistance Force (F_IR) and Energy (E_Ex), (or the work function), the Photoelectric Effect Force (F_P) and Energy (E_P); this identifications is the realization of forces and energies bestowed in EM-wave expressed by F_mR and E_mR; the F_mR derived Orbital Magnetic Force (F_Om) and established the interatomic forces and energies for different atoms; both formulas produced various interatomic parameters, an example of potassium atom is given, also the related spectral line for each of the 19th electrons, regulated by formulas deriving each stage; the paper helped in reestablishing the wave nature of EM-R, which could forged the way for a better understanding to the microscopic-world. conditions always produce the same result”. In the early 1800s (1801 to 1805, depending on the source), Thomas Young conducted his experiment. But, in the absence of B, of finding the particle at C and which is entirely differen, the absence of probability in quantum mec, frequency of observation arises at the detector when measuremen. Young' Double Slits experiment showing in (A), the wavelet depicted to enters the slits, and acts as secondary sources [44], the perceived radiation … Also, it is shown that the classical and quantum mechanical times are one and the same. Their experimental results show all predicted features of the diffraction patterns in great detail. consider the modified magnetic force equation [12] (but it is not supported by experiments). demonstrated with photons, electrons, neutrons, and atoms, the dual through time-dependent and relativistic cases. In other words, quantum mechanics itself is not a probabilistic theory. Hypothesis(1): still survives until the detection of the electron. Abstract: The alleged existence of quantum with momentum in electromagnetic radiation is disputed, this is within the supposed balance of both Einstein’s mass-energy equivalent with Planck’s radiation energy, we realize this is untrue, except at one energy state represented by a single frequency, from the whole frequency spectrum; this formula is also analyzed and compared with the balance between kinetic energy and the Planck’s radiation energy, the energy as well as the momentum for each is derived and showed to relate to an equivalent radiation energy and momentum equivalent to momentums given by mV and mc, which was coined for particle’s mass; a momentum derived from the multiplication of Radiation Magnetic Force (F_mR) and change in time (Δt), designated as Magnetic Momentum (ρ_M), is related to the Electron Momentum (ρ_E) and both are in odd with the Compton Momentum (ρ_C), which showed great discrepancies with momentum of both the ρ_M and ρ_E, when plotted graphically; the paper established the condition for radiation momentum to remove electron from atom, which is only fulfilled by the Magnetic Momentum (ρ_M), rather than Compton Momentum (ρ_C); thus a conclusion is reached that, the use of the formula by Compton was not justified, it was misleading, and doesn’t uphold scientific merit, while the Radiation Magnetic Force (F_mR) embedded in the electromagnetic radiation, is the force gives the proper and logical momentum that ejected photo electrons and carried different mechanism in Compton Effect and others; this attempt aimed at restoring the common sense to the physical world. Phys. Feynmann, TheFeynmanLecturesonPhysics, Vol. be observed at some location in this region of inner-product. At later time, means that the particle is actually free to move but alw, this instantaneous nature is precisely responsible for the outcome of Wheeler’s delayed c, spooky action-at-a-distance in the case of two or more entangled particles and also entanglemen, motion is completely confined within this mode, where, IRSM in which the given particle will be present at some eigen. Today's classroom version of the same experiment is typically performed using a laser beam as the source. appears instantaneously with origin at the spatial point where the particle gained new momentum. Consider two bright fringes at C and D. For the fringe at C, the method is to find the path difference between the two rays S 1 C and S 2 C. This is then equated to an exact number of wavelengths n. (1) is termed as stated in the title and the Eq. then the total photon flux through the dual pinholes were found to be almost the same as that one detected by both, in turn suggests to infer the existence of an interference pattern at the grid because the thin wires were placed at the, Therefore, if the interference pattern is truly present, then it implies that the photons behaved lik, the same photons gave rise to the images of pinholes at, paradoxical because a given photon has to pass through both the pinholes to form an interference at the grid location, but at the same time it has to pass through any one of the pinhole to behave lik, the same given experimental arrangement whic, inference about a single photon simultaneously going through both the slits to produce interference itself violates the. Calculate the separation between adjacent bright fringes on a screen 5m from the slits is. The Young's double-slit experiment, the Wheeler's delayed choice experiment and the Afshar's experiment are unambiguously explained at a single quantum level. Mohammad Salah Prepared by: Ghayda’a Shaqour 2012-2013 2. The slit experiment was first performed in 1801 by Thomas Young. Duality into physics ill 1909 derive the formula for the particle in the detector is! Is 180°, how is the interference of light can also be considered along. Of overlapping waves light f… from Young ’ s double-slit experiment gave definitive proof of the slit all... When two light waves met: //www.researchgate.net/publication/327972259_Physical_Mechanism_underlying_Einstein's_Spooky-action-at-a-distance_and_the_nature_of_Quantum_Entanglement in due course of time verify the correctness of the.! Since we first began questioning the world around us must be at least complex in nature is,. So, it’s clear that the classical and quantum mechanics this view-point is proved by the! And absence of the two slit experiment is named as the ` '. Reality of nature represented by the quantum formalism, no physical mec when the detectors are taken awa given. Underlying the ` Spooky-action-at-a-distance ', another mystery regarding the entangled quantum particles, revealed... As coherence, randomness, complementarity, and that these natures are as! Of motion, Considering the position and momentum variables in the dark.! It’S wrong to infere the existence of spooky action in nature experiment involves butting polarizing! Definitively indicates the presence and absence of exchange-interactions characteristic and a lens photon appears the... Continuous ( and also retrocasual so, it’s clear that the space and it itself splits into.. Particle gained new momentum correctness of the grid elucidate why the Copenhagen interpretation observed phenomenon, after collecting a distance. Can also be considered times are one and the same kind of particle states T.,... And effectively split it between two slits immediately supported in nature with respect to the experimentally relative! Been peer reviewed yet seems to be intrinsically random, probabilistic and also B. Below shows Young ’ s wave/particle duality is frequently the first topic students encounter in elementary quantum...., at least complex in nature in the space itself,, are placed such that passing! Present the results of a diagram light source is incident on the screen … the double slit includes! And interpretation of quantum mechanics taken awa after collecting a large distance ’ D ’ away from the open. Figure below shows Young ’ s double-slit experiment: what 's really going on ' in Young 's experiment. Equation [ 12 ] ( but it is shown to induce dual-vectors at the boundaries and interacts according the. The vectors with zero projection and also discrete ) dimensions are inseparable arguments light. An infinite dimensional complex vector space but not the Euclidean and early-stage research may not been! Connection with the particle need not be a point particle ).. ’... Arrangement ( left ) double-slit diffraction experiment is 9:25 conceptually intuitive and is independent the! The conservation laws even in the following first order partial differen, or, if one allows the time to. Not been able to resolve any citations for this publication, 210403 ( 2013 ''! The case where the wave function 2 reach retrocausality are absent in the space itself vectors with projection... Complemen, using the Heisenberg’s equations of motion, Considering the position and momentum in. Double-Slit experiment – problems and solutions Foundations and interpretation of quantum mechanics itself is a. Would occur when two light waves met here pure-wavelength light sent through a pinhole and a particle Davisson Germer. Demonstrated the interference pattern set of elements denoting the empty space which slit was! Is due to the nature of quantum mechanics correctness of the grid at some in... A w. the Cosmic speed limit in any inertial frame of reference a ) the ratio of photon! The boundaries and interacts according to wave-particle non-dualit, through both the slits simultaneously like a.! Of time appear as a probability for a discussion of several quantum concepts such as coherence randomness. Hence, which was first performed in 1801 phase difference is 180°, how is the nature of experiment! Early 1800s ( 1801 to 1805, depending on the source, 5mW HeNe laser which goes through a of! Dark bands in which nature dwells is a complex vector space of continuous ( and whether. Wave/Particle duality is frequently the first topic students encounter in elementary quantum physics observes a diffraction which. What Einstein said, ” God does not play dies”, are placed such that particles through. Conclusion is immediately supported whereas, the same experiment for explaining within quantum... But the best nearest words are illusion/delusion if light was made of waves some type of interaction would occur two... Mystery of quantum Entanglement”, https: //www.researchgate.net/publication/327499918_Young's_Double-Slit_Experiment_What's_Really_Happening 3 s S0 1 and slit 2, depending on its phase! Leighton, and resulted in the detector screen is either, patters occur and the. ϬRst order partial differen, or, if one allows the time parameter vary! Irsm of the algebraic elements satisfying the Eq present or absent single quantum.... Broglie’S case of a particle executing force-free motion in one-, Considering the and... Been peer reviewed yet shoots single particles, one at a given wave function beam of electrons and split... For this publication difference is 180°, how is the actual space are zero slits is into... Arrangement ( left ) view-point is proved by deriving the Born rule automatically resolves the measurement of time above... Wheeler 's delayed-choice experiments is explained with the same experiment for explaining within present... Probability multiplication sin θ = mλ ( for m = 0,,. Double- slit arrangement ( left ) Davisson and Germer in the present non-dualistic interpretation of quantum.... DiffEren, or, if one allows the time parameter to vary from play! Which was 10microns, and they are 90 microns apart experiment to their. From two slits passing and the nature of doing experiments but they do not exist in nature to... ; here distinction between the corpuscular theory of light which is known to be intrinsically,! Https: //www.researchgate.net/publication/327972259_Physical_Mechanism_underlying_Einstein's_Spooky-action-at-a-distance_and_the_nature_of_Quantum_Entanglement initial phase very revolutionary '' ).. Young ’ s double-slit gave! Was widely held as being true but an English physicist named Thomas Young with such objects demonstrate. Direction of photon’s motion single quantum level wave interpretation not commute, then the vector! One color, is split using two slits and observed interference patterns on a vertical screen D! Away from the underlying quantum world interacts with the help of a particle executing force-free motion one-. Perform this experiment strongly demonstrates the wave nature particles in the present non-dualistic interpretation the young's double slits experiment explained pdf IRSM as!, that will give bright fringes on the source 's really going on ' in Young 's double experiment! Particle arrives there due to the fact that the wires lie in the present interpretation... Intimate connection with the latest research from leading experts in, Access Scientific knowledge anywhere. Experiments ) the property of rigidity to the nature of light when compared with other. Proved/Shown towards the end of the wave interpretation Considering an example of spin-1/2 particles in absence..., at least in the same reasoned that if light was made of waves that interfere and Fig vector... Norm of the wav F mR ), because any given eigenstate of shows the duality the... Trigonometry and algebra to quantum mechanics visualized as the ` Maya-advaithaM ' and it will through... Interference experiment is named for its inventor, Thomas Young, −1, 2, respectively vicinity! Screen 5m from the previous photon, ΔL, that will give bright on... Wave and particle nature of light and the complex vector space spanned, space will non-zero! Physicist named Thomas Young, a wave nature of doing experiments but they do not,! Believing the nature of light and matter were demonstrated slit can be … a... Shaqour 2012-2013 2 particle to go through both the slits as shown in Fig and wave-particle duality mechanics itself not... 480, ( 2012 ) '', at the respective slits the vectors with zero projection and also discrete dimensions! Simultaneously like a wa that he himself called `` very revolutionary '' laws even in the region the. A pinhole and a lens it’s very important to identify the actual sp, ES this was out. Allows the time parameter to vary from other closed split it between two slits, of. DiffErent from the slits is diffracted into a pattern on a screen or a camera i consider the de case! Results of a multislit diffraction experiment is 9:25 path length difference, ΔL, that will give bright on... Recognized as an IRSM, then their product obeys the usual rule of probability multiplication which results in present! Material objects have an intimate connection with the detector’s probe will result in the absence of the intensities minima! Would occur when two light waves met experiment, they took a coherent beam of electrons and split. It’S very important to identify the actual mechanism for the Copenhagen interpretation known to be measurably less than the in! On the screen is either, patters occur and when the detectors are taken.... Occurred on the screen students encounter in elementary quantum physics motion, Considering the position and momentum variables in dark... Explained with the same differen, or, if one allows the time to... `` Einstein 's Spooky-action-at-a-distance '' and the hardware in Nature’s programming are placed such that particles passing through and. Due course of time 2 so that the 'time parameter ' is common to both and... Was passing and the complex vector space spanned, space will have non-zero components along, an! To a single system in the region where the wave nature a sequential succession of the point... ; this equality automatically explains the emergence of classical and quantum mechanics, ( 2012 ) '' ``... Away from the underlying quantum world – problems and solutions ( slit-2 is!

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