In his prepresidential years he was one of America’s greatest diplomats—formulating, among other things, what came to be called the Monroe Doctrine—and in his postpresidential years (as a U.S. congressman, 1831–48) he fought against the expansion of slavery. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The Erie Canal was completed while Adams was in office, linking the Great Lakes to East Coast and enabling a flow of products such as grain, whiskey and farm produce to Eastern markets. John Quincy Adams' dad wasn't president when he was born. Access hundreds of hours of historical video, commercial free, with HISTORY Vault. Sterling Professor of Diplomatic History and Inter-American Relations, Yale University, 1945–61. Did you know? He was born into one of America’s wealthiest families and parlayed an elite education and a reputation as a ...read more, Samuel Adams was a Founding Father of the United States and a political theorist who protested British taxation without representation, uniting the American colonies in the fight for independence during the Revolutionary War. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. He served in the Massachusetts Senate and the United States Senate, and he taught at Harvard. Omissions? He then read law at Newburyport under the tutelage of Theophilus Parsons, and in 1790 he was admitted to the bar association in Boston. He is the only former president to do so. A member of multiple political part John Quincy Adams Isn’t Who You Think He Is. Speaker Clay threw his support behind Adams, who won the presidency and later named Clay as secretary of state. The John Quincy Adams dollar coins aren't rare or valuable. The eldest son, George Washington Adams, was a gambler, womanizer, and alcoholic whose death by drowning may have been suicide. Tragically, the couple would suffer the loss of three children–a daughter in infancy and two sons in adulthood–and by some accounts it was a largely unhappy match. Often separated from her husband due to his political work, the self-educated Abigail oversaw the family’s household and largely raised their four ...read more, Elected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States, 43-year-old John F. Kennedy became one of the youngest U.S. presidents, as well as the first Roman Catholic. The Hague was then the best diplomatic listening post in Europe for the War of the First Coalition against Revolutionary France. John Quincy Adams was the 6th president of the United States of America. He retired to private life in Massachusetts only briefly, winning election to the House of Representatives in 1830. Birthplace of John Quincy Adams, in Quincy (formerly Braintree), Massachusetts, photograph. In the U.S. presidential election of 1824, Andrew Jackson received 99 electoral votes, Adams 84, William Crawford 41, and Henry Clay 37. He remains the only son of a president who was married in the White House. 5. Updates? John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was the sixth President of the United States. The sixth president has become an icon for those wanting to shrink America’s global role, but he was actually a die-hard expansionist. John Quincy Adams signed the Treaty of Ghent and played a leading part in the U.S. acquisition of Florida and establishing the northern boundary of the United States. He accompanied his father on diplomatic missions to Europe and studied in Paris and Leiden, Netherlands. He was selected by the House of Representatives. John Quincy Adams was born on July 11, 1767, at Braintree (now Quincy), Mass., the son of John Adams, the second president. Adams also sought to provide Native Americans with territory in the West, but like many of his initiatives this failed to find support in Congress. John Quincy Adams, at the age of 80, was involved in a lively political debate on the floor of the House of Representatives when he suffered a stroke on February 21, 1848. Born on July 11, 1767, in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, John Quincy Adams was the second child and first son of John and Abigail Adams. Did you know that the House is responsible for choosing a President if no candidate is able to obtain a majority in the Electoral College? As secretary of state under James Monroe, Adams played a key role in determining the president’s foreign policy, including the famous Monroe Doctrine. Also, Adams was the first president to be photographed, instead of painted. After drafting the Massachusetts Constitution, John Adams traveled to Europe and ultimately negotiated and signed the Treaty of Paris which concluded the American Revolutionary War. Johnson was not, however, Adams’s first love. Up for reelection in 1828, Adams was hurt by accusations of corruption and criticism of his unpopular domestic program, among other issues; he lost badly to Jackson, who captured most of the southern and western votes. After serving in the Massachusetts State Senate and the U.S. Senate, the younger Adams rejoined diplomatic service under President James Madison, helping to negotiate the Treaty of Ghent (1814), which ended the War of 1812. He was a staunch anti-slavery voice in Congress and, in 1843, defended the African prisoners aboard the slave ship Amistad before the U.S. Supreme Court. The presidency of John Quincy Adams began on March 4, 1825, when John Quincy Adams was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1829.Adams, the sixth United States president, took office following the 1824 presidential election, in which he and three other Democratic-Republicans—Henry Clay, William H. Crawford, and Andrew Jackson—sought the presidency. As the son of John Adams, the second president of the United States and the erudite Abigail Adams, John Quincy Adams had an interesting childhood.He personally witnessed the Battle of Bunker Hill with his mother. He was the first President who was a son of a President. A native of Kentucky, Breckinridge began his political career as a state representative before serving in the ...read more, Chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, John Marshall, who had almost no formal schooling and studied law for only six weeks, nevertheless remains the only judge in American history whose distinction as a statesman derived almost entirely from his judicial career. Thus, at an early age he acquired an excellent knowledge of the French language and a smattering of Dutch. Young Adams’s official dispatches to the secretary of state and his informal letters to his father, who was then the vice president, kept the government well informed of the diplomatic activities and wars of the distressed Continent and the danger of becoming involved in the European vortex. Adams was a Federalist and served in the In 1780, also, he began to keep regularly the diary that forms so conspicuous a record of his doings and those of his contemporaries through the next 60 years of American history. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. In 1781, at age 14, Adams accompanied Francis Dana, United States envoy to Russia, as his private secretary and interpreter of French. John Quincy Adams went on to win the presidency in a highly contentious election in 1824, and served only one term. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. At age 22 he fell deeply in love with one Mary Frazier but was dissuaded from marrying her by his mother, who insisted that he was not able to support a wife. He grew up as a child of the American Revolution. The only first lady born abroad, she met her husband while he was serving as a U.S. minister in Europe and she ...read more, Abigail Adams was one of only two women to have been both wife and mother to two U.S. presidents (the other being Barbara Bush). In 1796 Washington, who came to regard young Adams as the ablest officer in the foreign service, appointed him minister to Portugal, but before his departure his father became president and changed the young diplomat’s destination to Prussia. All Rights Reserved. He spent his early years in Europe with his father, graduated from Harvard, and entered law practice. Chief of Operations Lifeguards Hawaii State January 1987 - Present (26 years 3 months) SAG / AFTRA Actor, Model, Spokesperson, Aquatic Stunt Casting & Coordinator, IATSE Lifeguard & Marine Coordinator, Aquatic Activity Instructor ( Kayaking, Snorkeling, All Types Of Surfing ) & Private Guide, USCG 50 Ton Capt. On this day in 1825, John Quincy Adams is elected sixth President of the United States. Adams carried the New England states, most of New York and a few districts elsewhere, but finished behind Jackson (who won Pennsylvania, the Carolinas and most of the West) in both the electoral and popular votes. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Congressman and the sixth president of the United States. (son of John Adams). Outspoken in his opposition to slavery and in support of freedom of speech, Adams was elected to the House of Representatives in 1830; he would serve until his death in 1848. Critics, especially Jackson’s supporters, argued that such advancements exceeded federal authority according to the Constitution. Summary of President John Quincy Adams for Kids: "The Abolitionist" Summary: John Quincy Adams (1767-1848), nicknamed the "Abolitionist", was the 6th American President and served in office from 1825-1829.The Presidency of John Quincy Adams spanned the period in United States history that encompasses the events of the Evolution Era. John Quincy Adams was born on July 11, 1767, in the village of Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, a few miles south of Boston. Louisa Adams, oil on canvas by Charles Bird King, 1821–25. Answer: John Adams moved into the White House on November 1, 1800, even though it was still unfinished. Travel Images / UIG / Getty Images. Fragile in health, she suffered from migraine headaches and fainting spells. He accompanied his father on a diplomatic mission to France when he was 10, and would later study at European universities, eventually becoming fluent in seven languages. As a young boy, John Quincy watched the famous Battle of Bunker Hill (June 1775) from a hilltop near the family farm with his mother. His patriot father, John Adams, at that time a delegate to the Continental Congress, and his patriot mother, Abigail Smith Adams, had a strong molding influence on his education after the war had deprived Braintree of its only schoolmaster. Question: He was the sixth U.S. president. Accompanying her husband on his various missions in Europe, she came to be regarded as one of the most-traveled women of her time. Before leaving for Berlin, John Quincy Adams married Louisa Catherine Johnson, whom he met in London (she was the daughter of the American consul there). A review of John Quincy Adams: A Public Life, a Private Life, by Paul C. Nagel and John Quincy Adams: Policymaker for the Union, by James E. Lewis and John Quincy Adams, by Lynn H. Parsons and Arguing About Slavery: John Quincy Adams and the Great Battle in the United States Congress, by William Lee Miller. Key events in the life of John Quincy Adams. Multi-year communities are designed to provide sophomores, juniors and seniors with enriching experiences, autonomy and self-discovery, continued learning and connections with a diverse group of UMass Amherst students. He soon became estranged from the Federalists, and came to abhor party politics. But don't worry, he still had a pretty privileged upbringing. The second son, John Adams II, succumbed to alcohol. Those who have a general knowledge that former president Adams became an antislavery hero in Congress may find it surprising and instructive to know that he did not simply or immediately morph into “Old Man Eloquent” against the Slave Power. John Quincy Adamswas born in Braintree, Massachusetts on July 11, 1767. Adams had first met her when he was 12 years old and his father was minister to France. While struggling to establish a practice, he wrote a series of articles for the newspapers in which he controverted some of the doctrines in Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man (1791). He served in the Massachusetts Senate and the United States Senate, and he taught at Harvard. With Djimon Hounsou, Matthew McConaughey, Anthony Hopkins, Morgan Freeman. In 1794, Washington appointed him as a U.S. minister to the Netherlands. Privileged as the eldest son, and one of exceptional talent, John Quincy’s prominent parents often impressed upon him of the responsibility he held to be “a guardian of the laws, liberty and religion of your country.” 6. 1826: John Quincy Adams wrote in a poem on the anniversary of his father’s death: “Who but shall learn that freedom is the prize / Man still is bound to rescue or maintain: / The native’s God commands the slave to rise, / And on the oppressor’s head to break his chain, / Roll, years of promise, rapidly roll around, / Till not a slave shall on this earth be found.” (Hecht, p152.) In a study conducted in 2008, a fitness chain concluded that John Quincy Adams was the fittest president in American history, thanks to his habit of walking more than three miles daily and swimming in the Potomac River during his presidency. So, yes, he was principled but quirky, qualities that can get you a single term in the White House. After his presidential term, he served in the House of Representatives. Among the presidents, he was the first one to have a former US president as his father. In 1803 the Massachusetts legislature elected him a member of the Senate of the United States. John Quincy Adams was the sixth president of the United States. Born on July 11, 1767, in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, John Quincy Adams was the second child and first son of John and Abigail Adams. John Quincy Adams: Off the Map. Our latest episode for parents features the topic of empathy. John Quincy Adams accomplished little as Americas sixth president, but my what a fascinating and consequential life he led. As a young congressman from South Carolina, he helped steer the United States into war with Great Britain and established the Second Bank of the ...read more, John C. Breckinridge (1821-1875) was a politician who served as the 14th vice president of the United States and as a Confederate general during the Civil War (1861-65). He was the second cousin of John Adams and the ...read more, John C. Calhoun (1782-1850), was a prominent U.S. statesman and spokesman for the slave-plantation system of the antebellum South. These letters were also read by President Washington: some of Adams’s phrases, in fact, appeared in Washington’s Farewell Address of 1796. In 1817, President James Monroe named John Quincy Adams as his secretary of state, as part of his efforts to build a sectionally balanced cabinet. John Quincy Adams was a diplomat in the administrations of George Washington, John Adams, and James Madison. As president, Adams faced steadfast hostility from the Jacksonians in Congress, which perhaps explained his relatively few substantive accomplishments while in the White House. Courage and perseverance have a magical talisman, before which difficulties disappear and obstacles vanish into air. John Quincy Adams was a diplomat in the administrations of George Washington, John Adams, and James Madison. After suffering two strokes, Adams died on February 23, 1848 at the age of 80. He assumed office after the death of President William Henry Harrison (1773-1841), who passed away from pneumonia after just a month in the White House. Meanwhile, war had broken out between the United States and Britain, and in 1814 Madison called Adams to Belgium in order to negotiate the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). John Quincy Adams (JQA) Hall is a multi- year community. He moved to Europe at the age of 10 and was educated in Paris and Amsterdam. He was secretary of state under James Monroe. Argument of John Quincy Adams, before the Supreme Court of the United States: in the case of the United States, appellants, vs. Cinque, and others, Africans, captured in the schooner Amistad, by Lieut. While in St. Petersburg, Adams observed Napoleon’s invasion of Russia and later the withdrawal of the French army after that great conflict. He also served as the chief architect of what became known as the Monroe Doctrine (1823), which aimed to prevent further European intervention or colonization in Latin America by asserting U.S. protection over the entire Western Hemisphere. Gedney, delivered on the 24th of February and 1st of March, 1841 : with a review of the case of the Antelope, reported in the 10th, 11th, and 12th volumes of Wheaton's Reports. When he was 14 years old, he had had a “crush” on an actress he saw perform in France, and for years afterward, he confessed, she was in his dreams. Recalled from Berlin by President Adams after the election of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency in 1800, the younger Adams reached Boston in 1801 and the next year was elected to the Massachusetts Senate. The courts must decide whether the Mende are slaves or legally free. – John Quincy Adams. Reared for public service, he traveled in childhood on his father's diplomatic missions and at age 14 was private secretary to the American envoy at St. Petersburg. Author of. (A young Whig congressman from Illinois, Abraham Lincoln , was present as Adams was stricken.) Served as the second U.S. president from 1797 to 1801 in 1825, Adams! King, 1821–25, George Washington, John Adams, and he taught at Harvard LLC! Into diplomatic service, appointing him ambassador to the bar in 1790, after which he set a... Present as Adams was the sixth president, John Adams moved into the White House in.... Adams died on February 23, 1848 ) was a gambler, womanizer and! 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