in rice would contribute to a greater understanding of the regulation of PIPs. As nouns the difference between lowland and upland is that lowland is area which is lower than surrounding areas while upland is the area in the interior of a country with a generally higher elevation; often hilly, but not generally mountainous (compare highlands). Rice yield reduction due to water limitation depends on its severity and duration and on the phenological stage of its occurrence. Upland rice is adapted to drier conditions and grows in drier soil. introduction of high yielding, input-responsive lowland varieties of Asian rice (O. sativa); improved varieties of upland rice have not been selected or introduced. A study was conducted to evaluate performance of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties under water saving irrigation through alternate wetting and drying in sandy clay loams of Southern Malawi.The varieties, Nunkile and NERICA 4, are adapted to upland and lowland irrigated conditions, individually, and commonly grown by farmers. Lowland rice encoun-ters relatively lower drought risk during its domestication compared to upland rice (Bernier et al., 2008). Area was carried out. Although the recently released upland rice cultivars have higher drought tolerance, low yield potential of these cultivars makes them less feasible for high-yielding rice planting regions under aerobic cultivation. lowland rice is commonly grown in fields with water-maintenance and even irrigation facilities. Consequently, lowland rice is more productive and of better quality than upland rice (IRRI, 1975; Gupta and O’Toole, 1986). Under the upland or rainfed lowland ecosystems, rice cultivation needs to reduce water use in rice production and increase the water use efficiency, and from an environmental perspective, emission of methane is substantially lower in this condition (Xia et al., 2014). In the present study, upland rice and lowland rice were initially observed to Aerobic rice has the potential to replace transplanted flooded rice, as rice cultivation is seriously threatened by environmental and social factors. There have been several studies on genetic divergence between upland and lowland rice related to drought resistance (Lyu et al., 2014; Xia et al., 2014, 2019). Nodal root anatomy was compared among twelve upland and lowland rice (Oryza sative L.) varieties with tropical origin which were grown in hydroponic culture and under field conditions.The traditional upland japonica varieties showed the largest diameter of root, stele, and xylem vessel followed by modern upland … The upland rice farmers were moreprofitable than the lowland rice farmers with gross margin of N97, 673.58 and N84,278.01 per hectare of land, return on investment of 68K and 41K respectively. Lowland rice is the type that grows in patties or flooded areas. Upland rice is grown in rainfed fields prepared and seeded when dry, much like wheat or maize. The result of gross-margin analysis revealed that upland rice is more profitable than lowland rice as justified by 75% and 51% respectively as was However, these improved lowland varieties do not perform well under the low-input conditions typical of upland farms, having poor tolerance to weeds, drought and The ecosystem is extremely diverse, including fields that are level, gently rolling or steep, at altitudes up to 2,000 metres and with rainfall ranging from 1,000 to 4,500 mm annually. They suggest the ecological adaptation between upland and lowland rice refers to limited genes and/or regions across the rice genome (Lyu et al., 2014; Xia et al., 2019). As an adjective upland is of, relating to, or situated in the uplands. There are two types of rice – upland and lowland. In our previous study, upland rice and lowland rice showed different mechanisms of drought resistance and diverse expression patterns of one PIP gene, RWC3 (Os-PIP1;3) under water deficit [21]. 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